Thor — Mjölnir and Protector of the Sky

Thor, the god of thunder and lightning, was one of the Vikings' most beloved and respected gods. He was the protector of humans and gods against giants and dangers, and his hammer, Mjölnir, was both a weapon and a symbol of strength, courage and protection.

Thor was especially popular with farmers and traders , as he protected farms, homes, and journeys from storms and misfortunes. His thunderclouds and lightning were interpreted as signs of his presence and his power to protect the world from chaos. The stories of Thor, his battles with giants, and his travels through Middle-earth filled the sagas with courage, excitement, and symbolism about the struggle between order and chaos.

Rites and runes

Rituals to Thor often involved the offering of meat, beer, and offerings , especially before journeys or important battles. Vikings carved runes for protection and strength, and these runes were often linked to both courage in battle and security in everyday life:

• ᚦ (þurs) – “giant, power, protection from enemies” , used to invoke Thor's protection, especially against overwhelming forces.
• ᚢ (úr) – “strength, determination, courage” , gave courage and endurance both in war and in everyday trials.

The runes were carved on small stones, weapons, jewelry, and wooden objects , and some Vikings carried Thor's hammer as an amulet, often along with runes for added power and protection. Thor was also important in farm sacrifices, where he was asked to protect livestock and crops, and in journeys over sea and land.

Thor remains a symbol of courage, protection, and justice, and his presence in runes shows how the Vikings integrated religion and everyday life in a practical and powerful way.